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Lake Pátzcuaro, (Spanish: Lago de Pátzcuaro) is a lake in the municipality of Pátzcuaro, Michoacán, México. Lake Pátzcuaro lies in an endorheic basin, which has no drainage to the sea.
Lake Pátzcuaro has a watershed area of 359 square miles (929 sq. km) which drains into this body of water, of which 48.8 square miles (126.4 sq. km) are the actual water body. The Lake Pátzcuaro watershed extends 31 miles (50 km) east-west and 20.5 miles (33 km) from north to south, and is the center of the basin and is surrounded by volcanic mountains with very steep slopes. It has an average depth of 16.4 feet (5 m) and a maximum depth of 36 feet (11 m). Its volume is approximately .14 cubic mile (580 million cubic metres).
Lake Pátzcuaro lies at an elevation of 6,299 feet (1,920 m), and is the lake with the highest elevation in Mexico.
The Lake Pátzcuaro basin is of volcanic origin. At times it has been part of an open and continuous hydrological system formed by Lake Cuitzeo, Lake Pátzcuaro and Lake Zirahuén, which at one time together drained into the Lerma River. Today, like lakes Cuitzeo and Zirahuén, Lake Pátzcuaro is a closed basin lake, although ecologists consider it a sub-basin of the Lerma-Chapala basin.
Wetlands
The lake is surrounded by extensive wetlands, which have been designated as a Ramsar site since 2005. Cattails and other reedy vegetation are the dominant wetland vegetation, in dense stands over 2 meters tall.
The wetlands are extremely important for birds, both year-round inhabitants and migrating waterfowl. Close to 200 species inhabit the wetlands, including some endemic species such as the black-polled yellowthroat (Geothlypis speciosa). Two native species have not been observed recently; the yellow rail (Coturnicops noveboracensis) has not been seen since 1964 and may be locally extinct, and the endemic slender-billed grackle (Quiscalus palustris) is presumed extinct.
The lake and its surrounding wetlands have undergone significant environmental changes over the past 50 years. logging and agriculture in the surrounding watershed have contributed to siltation of the lake (1 cm / year - 1.2 million cubic meters / year), and water diversion for agriculture and urbanization has reduced the size of the lake by 40 square kilometers, and 2.6 meters in depth. Other threats include untreated sewage, the introduction of exotic species, and chemical pollution.
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