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Phylum Nematoda:
This phylum consists of over 25,000 species of round worms, which characteristically are bilaterally symmetrical, and vermiform. The body has more than two cell layers, tissues and organs, and the body cavity is a pseudocoel, (body fluid under high pressure).
These species have a body which possesses a through gut with a subterminal anus, is covered in a complex cuticle, has a nervous system with pharyngeal nerve ring, but no circulatory (blood) system and no respiratory system.
These species has reproduction which is sexual gonochoristic, (having two sexes and each organism is either a male or female). These species feeds on just about everything, live just about everywhere, and many species are endoparasites (a parasite which lives inside it's host).
Taxonomy:
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Nematoda
Class:
Chromadorea
Includes: numerous plant, animal and human parasites
Orders:
Areolaimida
Include: free-living nematodes, non-parasitic
Habitat: predominantly marine, brackish water, some in soil, freshwater
Diet: bacterivores, deposit feeders
Ascaridida
Include: parasitic roundworms
Habitat:
Infect: humans, pigs, dogs, cats, birds, poultry, marine mammals
Ingestion: Host consumes embryonated eggs from feces
Ingestion: host consumes under cooked meat from other hosts
Migration: ascarid parasite follow liver-heart-lung-intestine route
Maturation: After maturing in lung, larvae are coughed up, swallowed,
and then returned to small intestines to become egg laying addults
Diagnosis: microscopic examination of stool samples
Chromadorida
Include: primary free-living, not parasites
Habitat: marine, freshwater and some terrestrial
Diet: algae, bacteria, diatoms
Role: bacteriphages, herbivores, scavanengers, nutrient cycling
Desmoscolecida
Include: free-living nematodes, not typically human parasites
Habitat: marine environments worldwide
Taxonomy: 3 families, 24 genera, 280 species
Monhysterida
Include: predominantly small free-living roundworms, non parasitic
Habitat: freshwater and marine environments
Found: seaweed, sea sediment
Role: ecological contributors
Diet: bacteria, algae, detritus
Rhabditida
Include: saprophytic, free-living soil worms
Include: several species are parasites
Habitat: primarily saprophtic (decaying organic materials) agricultural soil
Rhigonematida
Include: obligate intestinal parasites of millipedes
Habitat: only found in millipedes
Class:
Enoplea
Class known for many parasites
Orders:
Enoplida
Include: many enopleans are plant, animal and human parasites
Habitat: marine, including deep-sea sediment, brackish water, intertidal
Species: Trichuris trichiura, (whipworm) parasite
Host: cats, dogs, humans
Triplonchida
Include: plant-parasitic nematodos, vectors of plant pathagens
Habitat: freshwater, marine, and terrestial worldwide
Dorylaimda
Include: plant parasitic nematodos, vectors of plant pathagens
Habitat: freshwater sediments, terrestrial, across six inhabited continents
Mermithida
Include: invertebrate parasites
Habitat: moist environments worldwide
Marimermithida
Include: invertebrate parasites
Habitat: diverse marine enviornments
Dioctophymatida
Include: verterbrates parasites (birds, fish, amphibian, mammals)
Habitat: freshwater ecosystems
Hosts: Adults inhabit the kidney of host (primarily minks and dogs)
Trichinellida
Include: verterbrates parasites (birds, mammals)
Habitat: hosts worldwide
Hosts: inhabit the small intestines and reproduce
Hosts: prevalence in berars, wild boars, pigs
Species: Trichinella spiralis,
Hosts: trichinosis in humans eating under cooked pork
Muspiceida
Include: verterbrates parasites (birds, mammals)
Habitat: only found in hosts, not in other inviroment
Hosts: primary mice, bat and occasionally humans
Infect: some species live in ocular tissue of host
Host: can be life-threatening to humans
Species: Haycocknema perplexum
Symptoms: eosinophilia, high livers of creatine kinase
Isolaimida
Include: rare free-living nematode
Habitat: terrestrial
Trefusiida
Include: free-living nematodes
Habitat: marine and brackish water
Monoonchida
Include: predatory nematodes, consumes other nematodes
Habitat: terrestrial and fresh water
Class:
Secernentea
Orders:
Rhabditida
Include: mostly free-living
Habitat: soil
Diet: bacteria feeders
Include: some obligate parasites
Hosts: humans, animals, insects
Parasitic Genera:
Strongyloides, Halicephalobus, and Phasmarhabditis,
Strongylida
Include: vertebrate parasites, with free living larval stage
Hosts: humans, livestock, wildlife
Habitat:
Larval State: soil, pasture vegetation, feces
Adult Stage: gastrointestinal and pulmonary tracks
Species Include:
intestinal hookworms and nodule worms
lungworms
Camallanida
Include: parasitic roundworms,
Habitat: freshwater, marine water, aquariums
Hosts: fish, amphibians, reptiles
Drilonematida
Include: parasitic nematodes
Habitat:
Hosts: body cavities of
earthworms and
mollusks
Oxyurida (pinworms)
Include: vertebrate and invertebrate parasitic
Habitat: Adults live in cecum, colon and rectum; hindgut of insects
Hosts: humans, rodents, primates, reptiles, amphibians, insects
Transmission: ingestion of infectious egge, vis contaminated hands
Human Host: most common Enterobius vermicularis
Causes: enterobiasis, prurtis
Symptoms: primarily itching, discomfort, intestinal inflammation
Rhigonematida
Include: obligate intestinal parasites
Habitat:
Hosts: primary
millipedes
Spirurida
Include: vertibrate obligate parasites
Habitat: terrestrial and aquatic environments
Hosts:
Occupy: organs, digestive tracts, eyes, circulatory systems
Exhibit: strong organtropism
Diplogasterida
Include: mostly free-living, but can be parasitic
Habitat: terrestrial soil, aquatic environments
Hosts: insects, molluscs, bettles
Aphelenchida
Include: plant parasites, predators of other nematodes
primary fungal feeders
Habitat:
Hosts: aerial plant parts
Tylenchida
Include: plant parasite, insects parasite
Habitat: crops
Hosts: agricultural plants
Conservation Status
EX Extinct
EW Extinct in the Wild
CR Critically Endangered
EN Endangered
VU Vulnerable
NT Near Threatened
CD Conservation Dependent
LC Least Concern
NL Not Listed
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