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The
Chloranthales, Order Level Index
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The Order Chloranthales are flowering plants of the phylum angiosperm. It is not closely related to any other order-family of the flowering plants and is believed to be among the earliest angiosperms.
Within the order Chloranthales, there is only one Family Chloranthaceae which contains four genera and about 77 living species
Description:
The Chloranthaceae consists of aromatic shrubs or herbaceous plants which are woody or weakly woody plants found in Southeast Asia, the Pacific Island, Madagascar, Central and South America and the West Indies.
Chloranthaceae are plants that only produce new side branches on the new growth. The stems are mostly cylindrical, with solid internodes, thickened nodes in many species, that carry evergreen leaves arranged in pairs on opposite sides of the stem, and with stipules that have merged with that of the opposing leaf.
The small flowers are seated directly on the axis of the inflorescence (main stem). Petals are absent in this family, and sometimes, so are the sepals. The flowers can be either hermaphrodite or of separate sexes. The fruit is a drupe or berry, consisting of one carpel.
Range:
Ascarina:
12 species which occur on islands in the Pacific: Southeast Asia; New Zealand, Marquesas Islands, Borneo and Madagascar.
Chloranthus:
20 species occur in Southern and Eastern Asia
Hedyosmum:
43 species which occur in Latin America, including the Antilles as well as one species which is found in Southeast Asia.
Sarcandra:
4 species which occur in Malaysia, China, Indochina, Japan, India, and Sri Lanka
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The Chloranthales-Chloranthaceae
Taxonomy
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Taxonomy:
Kingdom:
Plantea
Phylum:
Angiosperm
Order:
Chloranthales
Family:
Chloranthaceae
Genus:
Ascarina
12 species, AUS, MDG, Pacific Islands
Species:
A. phillppinensis
PHL, Borneo, New Guinie, Sulawesi
Type Genus:
Chloranthus
14 species
Species:
C. angustifolius
Genus:
Hedyosmum
45 species, CAM, SAM, WIN,
Species:
H. mexicanum
GTM, MEX, PAN, conservation status: VU
Genus:
Sarcandra
Species:
S. glabra
Species:
S. grandifolia
Species:
S. irvingbaileyi
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The Chloranthaceae
Gallery
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Bone-knitted Lotus
Sarcandra glabra is a herb native to Southeast Asia and also known as herba sarcandrae or glabrous sarcandra herb. Its common names include the nine-knotted flower and the bone-knitted lotus.
Family:
Chloranthaceae
Genus:
Sarcandra
Species:
S. glabra
Common Name:
Bone-knitted Lotus, Nine-knotted Flower
Conservation Status:
EN, Endangered
Subspecies:
Sarcandra glabra.brachystachys
Description
Sarcandra glabra is a herb native to Southeast Asia. It is also known as herba sarcandrae or glabrous sarcandra herb. Its common names include the nine-knotted flower and the bone-knitted lotus.
Aromatic oils may be extracted from the leaves. This extract has been shown in mice to reduce immunologic attenuation due to stress.
The leaf blade is elliptic and/or ovate-lanceolate (shaped like an oval narrow shape tapering to a point at each end), 3 to 7 inches long by 1 to 3 inches wide (6–17 × 2–6 cm), leathery, margin sharply coarsely-serrate.
Habitat:
The S.glabra is found growing at an altitude of 1300 feet to 5000 feet (420 meters to 1,500 meters), often growing on wet slopes and in shaded valleys,
Range:
The S.glabra is distributed in Vietnam, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Cambodia, Malaysia, India, Japan, Korea, the Philippines and, in China (Jiangxi, Anhui, Fujian, Guizhou, Guangxi, Hong Kong, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangdong, Zhejiang and other places), .
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This Page Last Updated: 31 March 2026
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