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      Second Migration
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THE FIRST WAYFARERS
The First Migration Into North America

The First Migration, The Algonquian People Go Down Go Back
The first to migrate across Beringia, according to this world′s wise men, who claim occurred during the close of what they call the last glacial period, or more commonly referred to as the Last Ice Age, which claim I believe is totally suspect.
The land bridge, also known as Beringia, due to the large amounts of ice stored at the poles, caused the lowering of ocean levels as much as two to four hundred feet resulting in the water to recede, leaving a land mass of as much as two hundred miles in width.
The map shown directly below shows how the North American continent might have looked at that time. Futhermore, on this map, you will see pale blue lines which outline the continent as it appears today.
The Algonquian
(m1first-fm-2024-1212.1212) The First Migration, the Algonquian Map
Nevertheless, this first migration of the ancient wayfarers, across the land bridge did occur. Yes, these first wayfarers did arrive onto the North American continent and subsequently traveled inland through the many areas of the continent, continued to as far east as the eastern coast lands. Too, of these, several large group are believed to have moved into the inland river valleys, some of which eventually became the mound builder cultures along these rivers.
Furthermore, the people of this first migration are believed to have ultimately spread throughout the entire western hemisphere.

The First Migration, Joktan′s Journey On Go Down Go Up
Joktan′s Journey On 1
After crossing the land bridge and as Joktan and his family begin their travel onto this continent, at times, one of Joktan′s sons would choose to depart from his father to settle at a location or to travel on a different path. Every time any of his sons were to make the decision to depart company with their father, Joktan would stop, set up his camp and spend time there with his family before their departure.
Joktan did this because he knew that when any of his sons would choose to walk upon a path different than his own, it was likely that this would be the last time that he would see that son, his son′s wife as well as all of those who were his grandsons and granddaughters.
Thus, Joktan would camp for many days to be with that son, his son′s wife and all of their children because he wished to be able to spend time especially with his grandchildren in order to tell them the stories that were told to him by the previous Story Keeper, Joktan′s great-great grandfather, Shem.
The Departing of Paths
This departing of paths occurred first in the travels of Joktan before crossing the land bridge. It occured after making camp, when his oldest son, Almodad informed his father that he and his family have decided to take a separate path from this location. After several days of camping and sharing with all of his family but especially that the family of Almodad, then the time came, usually in the evening when the fire of the family gathering had been lit and the sons together with their families had all arrived to take their place by this fire, when Joktan announces to his sons, Upon first light of morning, I will break camp and follow this journey further to the land to which God leads me. Too, he would say, Any who wish to accompany me may do so and I warmly welcome you, but Almodad has informed me that he will not continue with us because he desires to make this camp his homeland. So, I beg all of you to bid him well wishes until we meet again in the paradise.
Then the departing of paths occurred later again several times after crossing the land bridge, often upon arriving at a big river. Thus every time he was made aware that one of his sons would be departing paths, Joktan would issue the call to all of his sons to stop and make camp. Yes, it happened first on the east side of the land bridge and at the evening fire gathering, when another one of Joktan′s sons, Sheleph, approaches his father and tells Joktan that he had talked with his family and they have decided to head east downriver to the coast and then south along the coast to the first well sheltered bay.
So, on that occasion, after Joktan learned that Sheleph was going to leave the main contingent, Joktan tells Sheleph that he will not be leaving in the morning, but that he will continue to camp here so that he can tell all of Sheleph′s family goodbye, and most importantly, so that he would have one last opportunity, as he did with all of his sons when departing paths, to tell these of his grandsons and great grandsons the words of the Story Keepers.
The Words of the Story Keeper
So, at the end of each day, after the evening fires were set aflame, Joktan would send his invite to all of his family, but especially the grandchildren to meet him at the fire of gathering and there to listen to the words he would speak.
Thus, each evening, when all of the family of Joktan had come together at the fire of gathering, he would begin with the words, Long ago, Shem asked my brother and myself to enter his tent and take a seat, and then he said to both of us, "The God of the Heavens, the True God, whose name is Yehoweh came to me in a dream last night to tell me who I am to choose to be the next Story Keeper."
Joktan continued, "Shem said that God had told him that he should choose both of the sons of Eber because God will send each of these two sons to a land of his choosing, but each in separate directions to different homelands where these sons of Eber, both Peleg and Joktan shall be the Story Keeper to the people there in that one′s homeland. Shem then told Peleg that he was to travel to the West all the way to the land by the sea to make his homeland and then he told me, Joktan that I was to make my way East then North to a bridge of land which I must cross and search the land on the opposite side for a homeland for all of my sons and myself."
Joktan would then continue with the words of the Story Keeper to his sons and their families: Yes, the most high God is the one who commissioned me to tell the story of our people, and that He gave me the assignment to carry on the work of Story Keeper and commanded me and told me that I must continue to tell all the people the words until I am no longer able to walk over the mountain.
Then, Joktan would say, The Story Keeper begins with the words of Seth, who said, "Many Moons ago, there was only endless space wherein dwelt Elanàn′tuwit, God the great spirit. Nothing else existed and everywhere there was silence. However, Elanàn′tuwit, whose name is Yëhohshu′à had abundant joy and immeasurable peace."
In this manner, Joktan continued as he completed The Story of Seth, next The Story of Lamech, then The Story of Shem and when those were spoken, Joktan finally would continues with his story, until the entire account of the Story Keepers was spoken to this large gathering of his family. All of them came to the gathering fire each evening to hear and learn the entire story of the Story Keeper, from Story keeper Seth down to this day. After this, then Joktan bid a fond fairwell to his son Sheleph, to the wife of Sheleph, and to the sons and daughters of Sheleph.
Then, Sheleph, his family and all of his descendants depart from their father, from the mother of Sheleph, from siblings of Sheleph and all of his sibling′s family so that they may settle in the area now known as the coast of Alaska.
The when the last story was told, the one about crossing the great northern path to the new world, was told, Joktan gathered Sheleph and his family to him and kissed them each one last time to say farewell.
Thus, he would repeat all of the Story Keeper′s stories to all of those grandchildren before he allowed any of his family to depart from his company. He did this because as he had told them, he had been commanded by God to tell these stories to all the people.

The Paths of Joktan′s Sons Go Down Go Up
Once each of his sons had left upon their own life journey, then Joktan would continue upon his Journey On and move even further into the land they had been traveling across.

Sheleph′s Homeland
Yes, in fact, upon arriving at the Yukon River and making camp upon its banks for the night, it is here, where Sheleph, is the first too chooses to walk a new path in this new land. Therefore, Joktan, stays here in this camp for nearly two weeks along this river, while he bids Joktan and his entire family well wishes during their travels.
Upon Sheleph′s departure, he and his family travel downriver, then west to the coast of what is now known as Alaska, including areas of the land bridge on both sides of the land bridge. Too, Sheleph and his sons moved both northward and southward along the coast, even along what is now known as the Alaskan, Canadian and Russian coasts until he comes upon a place where he finally settles.
Sheleph then calls his homeland by the name of his first born son, Aleut who is to become the father of those known as Eskimos and who speak the Aleut language. Even to this day, this area is still referred to as the Aleutian peninsula.

Hazarmaveth′s Homeland
Some time later, Hazarmaveth next chooses to depart the family and walk to the north coast and then southeast from there. When Hazarmaveth decides to turn southeast, his first born son, Yupik decides to journey northwest along that north coast and soon after that finds a suitable location and makes this north coast his home.
Later, as Hazarmaveth continues to the southeast, he camps along a large bay and decides to make this his home. Some time after that, his son, Inuitut leaves and settles on an island he calls Inuktitut island after one of his younger sons, which island name is later changed to Baffin Island. These later came to be known as the eastern Eskimo indigenous people.

With Hazarmaveth now moving away from the camp, Joktan with his remaining sons, packs out of that camp and travel southeast along many lakes, following rivers upstream most of the way
Thus, Joktan and his remaining sons continue southeast along the rivers and lakes for a long period.

Obal′s Homeland
At one lake, which has been named Yutalizahelihitkuk, Joktan makes camp between two rivers and is planning to take the second waterway upriver upon the morrow towards the mountians. Here while in this camp, his son Obal approaches Joktan to tell him that he will not be leaving upriver with Joktan but wants to stay here in these well watered lowlands to continue fishing from the multitude of lakes.
When Obal departs from the camp, he moves further to the southeast along the lowland lakes region, in an area with an immense forest along a large lake, one with much game in the forest and big fish in the lake. Here, his descendants become the primary homeland for those who today are know as the Algic language people.

Joktan Turns Southwest
After camping there between the rivers for some time, Joktan then leaves the flat lowlands lakes region and began walking upriver, southwest back towards the mountains that previously have been contiguous in the west but now there appears to be a large gap in the mountains in this direction.
As he follows this river upstream towards the mountains which route takes him to a low pass across the mountains and down the other side towards a very large lake far below.
Joktan travels down from the gap and along the shores of Ta-Maschilamek Menuppek (Great Salmon Lake) where the nation continues to travel southeast and in time came upon another mountain range, They would make camp along the lake each day, fishing daily for the large fish from this lake and after nearly two moons, the caravan comes upon the outlet of this large lake.
Ta-Maschilamek Menuppek
Upon their arrival at this lake, they found it to be teaming with a large fish that was similar to the trout that they have previously become accustom to, but these were not trout. Catching the fishing was easy, and the fish only take a short time on the fire before they can enjoy a meal. At one point in their travel around this lake, there was a great earthquake, after which the lake began to flow into a fissure under the mountains and in time, the fissure grew into a large tunnel flowing under the mountains at that locatuon.
When Joktan and his family arrive at the outlet to the lake, a lake they were now calling Ta-Maschilamek Menuppek, which in English means Not-Trout Lake, the entire nation crossed over a huge earthen bridge that was standing above the tunnel.
The Bridge of the Gods
(m1first-fm-2021-0822.1233) Mural on the Bridge of the Gods, by unknown Artist

The Bridge From God
Some choose the northwest areas to settle, some chose areas of the Canadian Shield and Canadian Lowlands, other chose to settle in many parts of the Great Lakes.
When they cross over the river, Joktan calls out for the entire nation to stop along side the lake outlet and make camp. While enjoying the great feast of fresh fish, they gave much thought about this lake and the river that was now flowing out of it and under the mountain and they give thanks and praise to the most high God who created this place of plenty food and rest.
It was here at this camp when this earthen bridge came to be called, Taiachquoan Ju Eluwantowit (The Bridge from God).
Upon Leaving camp at The Bridge from God
When the camp was broken and Joktan began to move again, he traveled back eastward over the Rocky Mountains, across the interior of the continent and finally into the Appalachian Mountains. Along his path, some Sons departed from this route and remained in the region of the upper Missouri river, other Sons traveled down the Mississippi valley to the lower coastal plains, other Sons departed and traveled to the interior lowland to areas below the Great Lakes.
However, his four youngest sons waited until arriving in the mountains in the eastern parts of the continent and then spread out from there into the southern and the northern parts of the Appalachian Mountains. Finally, Joktan and his youngest son, Jobad settled in the area along the river that Jobad named the Lenapei Sipu, (meaning River of the Original People) and this area latter came to be called the Lenapehoking.
Eventually, these first wayfarers spread out through the eastern parts of this continent and developed into a variety of cultures. Of these, the cultures included the Algonquian speaking people.

Algonquian Homelands
Joktan fathered thirteen sons, twelve of who came with Joktan when he crossed the Bering Sea land bridge with the intent to find a suitable location to settle and raise their families.
The native Americans who have the ancestry of Algonquian are those who settled in a variety of places on the North American continent. Historically, these people were prominent along the Atlantic Coast, from New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia and New England to as far south as the Carolinas. Further they spread along the coast and into the interior of Quebec, Newfoundland, Ontario and up to Hudson Bay. Parts of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and all of Manitoba provided home for them.
Many settled around the Great Lakes, along the Ohio and Mississippi rivers. Some of these natives settled in area now known as Michigan, western Ontario, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and North Dakota. Other tribes lived in present day Wyoming, Colorado, southwestern Nebraska, northwestern Kansas and north central Montana.
Yes, the Algonquian peoples were widespread and numerous on this continent for countless moons long before more wayfarers arrive in subsequent migrations across the land bridge and then much later, on great boats, the Europeans arrived.

Algonquian
The word Algonquian is used today to describe a large group of separately recognized tribes of indigenous people, but also includes a larger group of people who are related culturally and linguistically. These form the larger Algic language grouping.
Many of the Algonquian language people call themselves Anishnabe, which means original person. Yes, these were those who left Mesopotamia and journeyed east in search of a suitable homeland.
All of these many tribes and languages are descendants of the Sons of Joktan.

The Sons of Joktan and their Descendants Go Down Go Up
The following are some of the descendants of the Sons of Joktan.
Sons of Sheleph
Shelph had three son.
Aleut People (Unangam Tunuu language)
Unangan Nelson Lagoon tribe, Alaskan Peninsula
Aleut King Cove tribe Alaskan Peninsula
Aleut Belkofski tribe, Alaskan Peninsula
Aleut tribe Pribilof Islands
Aleut tribe, Unimak Island
Sugpiag Alutiiq tribe, Kenai Peninsula
Koniag Alutiiq tribe, Kodiak Island
Unangan tribe, Unalaska Island
Unangan Kashega tribe, Fox Island
Unangan tribe, Akutan Island
Aleut Nikolski tribe, Umnak Island
Atkan (Atkan Aluet dialec)
Atka Island (52.138056, -174.445278)
Bering Island (55.000833, 166.273056)
Attu / Attuan dialect (Western Aleut, extinct)
Medny Aleut island (54.6848928, 167.7452923)

Sons of Hazarmaveth
Hazarmaveth had fifteen sons
Inuit-Yupik Language People
Alaska Inuit:
1. Qawaraq,
2. Inupiatun,
3. Uummarmiutun
Western Canada Inuit:
4. Siglitun,
5. Inuinnaqtun,
6. Natsilingmiutut
Eastern Canada Inuit:
7. Nunatsaivummiutut,
8. Nunavimmiutitut
Baffin Inuit:
9. Qikiqtaaluk,
10. Qikqtaaluk
Nunavut Inuit:
11. Aivilimmiutut,
12. Kivarrirmiutut
Greenlandic Inuit:
13. Kalaallisut,
14. Tunumiisut,
15. Inukutn

Sons of Obal
Obal had twelve sons.
Western Missouri Valley Siouan Tribes
  1. Crow
  2. Hidatsa
North Central Interior Region Tribes
  3. Anisinaabeg: Anicinàpek, Anishinaabe,
  4. Chippewa: Ojibwa, Salteaux
  5. Cree:
Innu: Naskapi, Eastern Montagnais, Central Montagnais
Nataskinan: Atikamekw
Eastern: East Cree, Moose Cree, Eastern Swampy Cree
Western: Woodland Cree, Rocky Cree, Western Swampy
Plains Cree
  6. Hochunk: Chiwere, Ioway, Oto, Misuria, Winnebago
  7. Mississiaugas: Gros Ventre
  8. Montagnais: Naskapi,
  9. Nipissing: Sauk
10. Siksika (also known as Northern Blackfoot)
North Lower Interior Region Tribes (Great Sioux Nation)
11. Sioux:
Ocethi Sakowin
Dakota: (Dakhodiapi, Dakhota,)
Mdewakanton, Wahpeton, Wahpekut, Sisseton, (Anishinabe)
Lakota: (Titunwan, Teton, Teton Sioux):
Northern: Hunkpapa, Sihasapa (also know as Blackfoot)
Central: Itazipco, Mniconjou, O′henunpa
Southern: Oglala, Sicangu
Nakota: [whose autonym is Assiniboine] Western Dakoda
Yankton, Yanktonai
Bearspaw, Chiniki, Wesley (Goodstoney)
Southeastern Interior Siouan Tribes
12. Dhegiha:
Kansa Osage, Omaha, Ponca, Quapaw

Sons of Hadoram
Hadoram had twelve sons.
Pacific Coastal Region Tribes
1. Alsea (Alsean language): Coosan, Siuslaw
2. Chinook (Chinookan language): Chinook, Catsop, Kathlamet
Multnomah, Wishram (Wasco)
3. Kalapuya (Kalapuyan language coast): Kalapuya, Yoncalla
4. Maidu (Maiduan language): Maidu, Chico, Konkow, Nisenan
5. Salishan (Salish language coastal): Chehalis, Chimakum, Cowichan,
Cowlitz, Duwamish, Esquimalt, Halalt, Homalco, Klallam, K′omoks,
Klahoose, Lamalcha, Lummi, Lyackson, Muckleshoot, Musqueam,
Nisqually, Nooksack, Penelakut, Pentlatch, Puyallup, Qayqayt, Quileute
Saanich, Samish, Sauk-Suiattle (Southern and Northern Lusshootseed)
Sawhewamish, Scia′new. Semianmoo, Shishalh, Siletz, Skagits,
Shoalwater Bay Tribe, Skokomish, Sliammon, Snaw-naw-as, Snohomish,
Snokomish, Snoqualmie, Snuneymuxw, Songhees, Squamish, Squaxin,
Stillaguamish, Stolo, Stz′uminus, Sul′axbixw, Suquamish, Swinomish,
Tsawwassen, Tsleil-Waututh, T′Sou-ke, Tulalip, Xacuabs
Wakashan: Ditidaht, Haisla, Heiltsuk, Huu-ay-aht, Makah, Nuu-chah-nulth,
Nutka, Oowekyala, Pacheedaht
6. Takelma: Takelma
7. Tsimshian (Tsimshianic language): Tsimshian Coast, Tsimshian Southern;
Gitksan, Nisga-a
8. Wishosk (Wiyot language): Wiyot, Yurok
9. Wintu (Wintuan language): Wintu, Nomlaki, Patwin
10. Yokuts (Yokuts language): Choinumni, Chukchansi, Gashowu, Hometwoli,
Keechyi, Lakisamni, Merced, Palewyami, Tachi, Wukchumni
11. Utian: Miwok, Ohlone, Karkin,
Pacific Interior Region Tribes
3. Kalapuya (Kalapuyan language (plateau): Klamath, Kalapuya, Kootenai,
Modoc, Molala, Santiam, Kathmath
5. Salishan (Salish language interior): Chelan, Coeur d′Alene,
Columbia, Colville, Entiat, Flathead, Kalispel, Kootenai, Lake, Lillooet,
Methow; Nespelem, Okanagan, Sanpoil, Shuswap, Sinkaietk,
Sinkayuse, Spokane, Thompson River, Wenatchee
12. Saptin (Sahaptin language):
Cayuse, Cowlitz, Dock-spus, Kittitas, Klickitat, Lower Snake,
Molalla, Nez Perce, Palus, Skinpah, Tenino, Tygh, Umatilla,
Walla Walla, Wanapum, Warm Springs, Wasco, Wyam, Yakima

Sons of Jerah
Jerah had five sons.
North Central Interior Region Tribes
1. Arapaho
2. Cheyenne
3. Cisca
4. Shoshone
5. Sutaio

Sons of Havilah
Havilah had ten sons.
Lower Great Lakes Region
 1. Illinois
 2. Kickapoo
 3. Meskwaki (Fox)
 4. Maumee
 5. Miami
 6. Menomini
 7. Odawa
 8. Ojibwe
 9. Potawatomi
10. Sauk (Fauk)

Sons of Diklah
Diklah had twelve sons.
South Central River Valleys
Southeast Texas and Louisiana coast
 1. Atacapa: Akokisa, Bidai, Deadose, Patiri
Northeast Texas
 2. Caddo
Northern Caddoan: Arikara, Kitsai, Pawnee, Wichita
Akwits, Kichai, Taovaya, Tawakoni, Waco
Southern Caddoan: Caddo, Adai, Eyeish, Hasinai, Kadohadacho,
Nachodoche, Natchitoches, Nasoni, Neches, Yatasi
Cadodacho, Flechazo, Panimaha, Peti Caddo, Quiscanta, Quitseis
Taovayassa, Tuacana, Yscanis
South coastal and inland Alabama, Mississippi
 3. Muskoge
Western Muskogean: Chickasaw, Choctaw (or Chahta), Chacato
Eastern Muskogean: Alabama, Koasati, Natchez, Mikasukis
Southeast Texas coast. North central & northeast Mexico
 4. Coahuilteco (Coahuiltecan):
Comecrudan: Pacal, Pajalat, Pakawa, Orejon, Quems,
Quepano, Tamaulipecan, Xarames
Karankawa: (Karankawan) Coapites, Cocos, Copanes, Cujanes,
Kopano, Kohani, Coca
Tonkawa: (Tonkawan) Aranma, Cava, Cantona, Emet, Ervipiame,
Mayeyes, Payaya, Sana, Toho, Tohaha, Yojaune
Southeast River Valleys and Eastern Peninsula
 5. Ais:
Guacata, Jaega, Surruque
 6. Alafay:
Alafaes, Alafaia, Elafay, Costa
Amacano, Caparaz, Chine, Pacara
 7. Apalachee:
Apalachicola, Chatoto, Chacato, Chactoo
Calusa, Muspas
 8. Creek: Alachua, Black, Miccosukee, Muklasa, Seminole
Mayaca, Jororos, Mayajuaca, Mayaimi, Mocoso,
Pensacola, Chatato, Pohoy
Tequesta
 9. Timucua: Acuera, Aqua Fresca, Arapaha, Ibi, Itafi, Mocama,
North Utina, Ocale, Oconi, Onatheagua, Osochi, Potano,
Tucururu, Utina, Yufera, Yustaga
10, Tocobaga
11. Uzita
12. Yamassee, Yuchis

Sons of Abimael
South Atlantic Coastal Region
Chesapeake, Nanticoke,
Powhatan, Weapemeoc,
Bear River, Catawba,
Chesepiooc, Chowanoke,
Croatan, Hatteras,
Machapunga, Mangoak,
Moratoc, Nansemond,
Neusiok, Pamilico,
Paspatank, Pomuik,
Ponouike, Roanoke, Secotan
Northern Iroquois:
Attawandaron, Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, Susquehannock,
Conestoga, Mohawk, Oneida, Huron-Wyandot, Petun-Tionontati,
Wenro, Erie, Laurentian
Southeast Iroquois:
Tuscarora, Nottoway, Menheren
Southern Iroquois:
Cherokee

Sons of Sheba
Sheba had four sons.
Northeast Inland
1. Abenaki
2. Mahican
4. Sokoki

Sons of Uzal
Uzal had six sons.
Upper Northeast Coastal Atlantic
1. Maliseet
2. Micmac
3. Mi'kaq
4. Passamaquoddy
5. Penobscot
6. Beothuks

Sons of Ophir
Ophir had seven sons.
Middle Northeast Atlantic
1. Mohegan
2. Narraganset
3. Pennacook
4. Pequot
5. Quiripi
6. Wampanoag
7. Wopanaak

Sons of Jobad
Jobad had three sons.
Lower Northeast Atlantic Delaware Nation (autonym: Lenape)
1. Munsee:
Minisink, Navasink, Raritan, Hackensack, Rockaway,
Canarsee, Tappan, Wiechquaeskeck, Rechgawawank,
Sinsink, Nochpeem, Wappenger, Esopus
2. Unami:
Sewapois, Siconese, Naraticonck, Mantaes, Armewarmex,
3. Unalachitgo:
Atsayonch, Remkoki, Sankhikan

1  
The story of Joktan is part of the stories told by Craig Ojawashko and recorded by his wife Sandy Ojawashko. Upon completion, this episode, will only be available here on this website.
More about the travels of Craig and Sandy can be read in The Wayfarers Passage, Episode Three. Further, you can learn more about their Journey in The Journey Passage, Episode Three, both under: The Journey to Lenapehoking on this website.

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